Sedentary behavior, screen time and mental health of college students: a Meta-analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effects of sedentary behavior/screen time on mental health of college students by Meta-analysis based on the results of literature retrieval and provide theoretical basis for the improvement of college students' mental health. Methods: The original research literatures about sedentary behavior (including screen time) and college students' mental health published as of 14 July 2022 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data. Data were extracted from the included studies and scored by one author in accordance with the proposed programme, and quality score was reviewed by another author. The literature that met the inclusion criteria was systematically reviewed and Meta-analysis was carried out by software Stata 14.2 based on the data from the literatures. Results: A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria, including 35 observational studies and 1 interventional study. There are 4 papers about the effects of sedentary behavior and 9 papers about the effects of screening time on depression in college students and 4 papers about the effects of sedentary behavior/screening time on anxiety in college students were used for a Meta-analysis, and the other studies were also analyzed. The Meta-analysis on the effects of sedentary behavior on depression in college students showed that there was a significant positive correlation between higher level sedentary behavior and increased risk for depression (OR=1.07,95%CI:1.05-1.10). Subgroup analysis indicated that there was no significant correlation between higher level sedentary behavior and depression (OR=1.74, 95%CI:0.93-3.25) in the unadjusted confounding factor model, but there was significance positive correlation after adjusting confounding factors (OR=2.15, 95%CI:1.18-3.90). Meta-analysis on the effects of screen time on depression in college students showed that longer screen time were significantly positively correlated with higher depression level (OR=1.03, 95%CI: 1.02-1.05). The results of subgroup analysis showed that in both unadjusted confounding factor model and adjusted confounding factor model, longer screen time was significantly positively correlated with depression (OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.13-1.42; OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.18-1.79) , respectively. Meta-analysis on the effects of sedentary behavior on anxiety showed that longer screen time was significantly positively correlated with increased anxiety risk (OR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.31-1.58). The results of subgroup analysis showed that in both unadjusted confounding factor model and adjusted confounding factor model, there was a significant positive correlation between longer screen time and anxiety (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.31-1.65; OR=1.38, 95%CI:1.17-1.62). The analysis for the literatures which were not eligible for Meta-analysis found that sedentary behavior/screen time was significantly associated with stress and other mental health in college students. Conclusions: Sedentary behavior or screen time is significantly negatively correlated with college students' mental health, in particular, resulting in depression and anxiety. These effects might be be different between weekdays and weekend days.

Effect of Curcumin on Apoptosis of Acute T-Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells induced by UMI-77 and Its Related Mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

AbstractObjective: To explore the effect and mechanism of curcumin on human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cell apoptosis induced by Mcl-1 small molecule inhibitors UMI-77.@*METHODS@#T-ALL cell line Molt-4 was cultured, and the cells were treated with different concentrations of curcumin and Mcl-1 small molecule inhibitor UMI-77 for 24 h. The MTT method was used to detect the cell survival rate after different treatment; According to the results of curcumin and UMI-77, the experimental settings were divided into control group, curcumin group (20 μmol/L curcumin treated cells), UMI-77 group (15 μmol/L Mcl-1 small molecule inhibitor UMI-77 treated cells) and curcumin+ UMI-77 group (20 μmol/L curcumin and 15 μmol/L Mcl-1 small molecule inhibitor UMI-77 treated cells), MTT method was used to detect cell proliferation inhibition rate, Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method and TUNEL staining were used to detect cell apoptosis, DCFH-DA probe was used to detect cell reactive oxygen species, JC-1 fluorescent probe was used to detect mitochondrial membrane potential, Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and Notch1 signaling pathway-related proteins.@*RESULTS@#After the treatment of Molt-4 cells with different concentrations of curcumin and Mcl-1 small molecule inhibitor UMI-77, the cell survival rate was decreased (P<0.05); Compared with the control group, the cell proliferation inhibition rate of the curcumin group and the UMI-77 group were increased, the apoptosis rate of cell was increased, the level of ROS was increased, the protein expression of Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in the cells were all increased, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 was reduced (P<0.05); Compared with the curcumin group or UMI-77 group, the cell proliferation inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of the curcumin+UMI-77 group were further increased, and the level of ROS was increased. At the same time, the protein expression of Bax, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in the cells were all increased, the protein expression of Bcl-2 was reduced (P<0.05); In addition, the mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells after curcumin treatment was decreased, and the proteins expression of Notch1 and HES1 were reduced (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Curcumin can enhance the apoptosis of T-ALL cells induced by Mcl-1 small molecule inhibitor UMI-77 by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential, the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Notch1 signaling pathway.

A nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To explore the independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in early gastric cancer, and to use nomogram to construct a prediction model for above LNM. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Inclusion criteria: (1) primary early gastric cancer as stage pT1 confirmed by postoperative pathology; (2) complete clinicopathological data. Exclusion criteria: (1) patients with advanced gastric cancer, stump gastric cancer or history of gastrectomy; (2) early gastric cancer patients confirmed by pathology after neoadjuvant chemotherapy; (3) other types of gastric tumors, such as lymphoma, neuroendocrine tumor, stromal tumor, etc.; (4) primary tumors of other organs with gastric metastasis. According to the above criteria, 1633 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy at the Department of General Surgery of the Chinese PLA General Hospital First Medical Center from December 2005 to December 2020 were enrolled as training set, meanwhile 239 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy at the Department of General Surgery of the Chinese PLA General Hospital Fourth Medical Center from December 2015 to December 2020 were enrolled as external validation set. Risk factors of LNM in early gastric cancer were identified by using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A nomogram prediction model was established with significant factors screened by multivariate analysis. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used for assessing the predictive value of the model. Calibration curve was drawn for external validation. Results: Among 1633 patients in training set, the mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 20 (13-28), and 209 patients (12.8%) had lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that gender, resection range, tumor location, tumor morphology, lymph node clearance, vascular invasion, lymphatic cancer thrombus, tumor length, tumor differentiation, microscopic presence of signet ring cells and depth of tumor invasion were associated with LNM (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that females, tumor morphology as ulcer type, vascular invasion, lymphatic cancer thrombus, tumor length≥3 cm, deeper invasion of mucosa, and poor differentiation were independent risk factors for LNM in early gastric cancers (all P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that AUC of training set was 0.818 (95%CI: 0.790-0.847) and AUC of external validation set was 0.765 (95%CI: 0.688-0.843). The calibration curve showed that the LNM probability predicted by nomogram was consistent with the actual situation (C-index: 0.818 in training set and 0.765 in external validation set). Conclusions: Females, tumor morphology as ulcer type, vascular invasion, lymphatic cancer thrombus, tumor length≥3 cm, deeper invasion of mucosa and poor differentiation are independent risk factors for LNM of early gastric cancer. The establishment of a nomogram prediction model for LNM in early gastric cancer has great diagnostic value and can provide reference for treatment selection.

Analysis of influence factors for short-term recurrence of retroperitoneal liposarcoma after complete resection / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To examine the influence factors of short-term recurrence after complete surgical resection of retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Methods: The clinicopathological data of retroperitoneal liposarcoma at Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center, People's Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2000 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 60 males and 31 females, aged (52.1±9.9) years (range: 30 to 84 years). Tumor recurrence within 12 months after complete resection was defined as short-term recurrence, and tumor recurrence more than 12 months was defined as non-short-term recurrence. The t test, rank-sum test, χ2 test and Fisher exact test were conducted for inter-group comparison. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent influence factors for the short-term recurrence of retroperitoneal liposarcoma after complete resection. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to calculate the recurrence-free survival, and the Log-rank test was adopted for the comparison between the groups. Results: The univariate analysis results showed that irregular tumor morphology, multiple pathological subtypes, pathological scores>3, and multiple primary tumors are influence factors for short-term recurrence after complete resection of retroperitoneal liposarcoma (χ2: 4.422 to 7.773, all P<0.05). Regression analysis of the above risk factors showed that multiple primary tumors was the independent risk factor (OR=2.918, 95%CI: 1.127 to 7.556, P=0.027). In the short-term recurrence group, Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that patients with multiple primary tumors had a shorter median recurrence time than patients with unifocal tumor (6 months vs. 9 months, P=0.028). Conclusions: Multiple primary tumor is an independent risk factor for short-term recurrence after complete resection of retroperitoneal liposarcoma. It suggests that the frequency of follow-up after surgery should be increased for such patients.

Relationship between lateral hypothalamus and melatonin-induced reduction of wakefulness in rats and the receptor mechanism / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between lateral hypothalamus and melatonin-induced reduction of wakefulness in rats and the receptor mechanism.Methods:Forty clean-grade adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), melatonin group (group M), melatonin type-1/2 receptor (MT 1R) antagonist luzindole plus melatonin group (group L+ M), and melatonin type-2 receptor (MT 2R) antagonist 4P-PDOT plus melatonin group (P+ M group). In group C, 0.5 μl of 0.9% NaCl solution was microinjected into the lateral hypothalamus.In group M, 1 μmol/L melatonin 0.5 μl was microinjected into the lateral hypothalamus.In group L+ M, 1 μmol/L MT 1/2R and 1 μmol/L melatonin (0.5 μl in total) was microinjected into the lateral hypothalamus.The microinjection time was from 19: 30 to 20: 00.The changes in sleep-wake duration and the oscillating energy in different frequency bands of electroencephalogram were detected by using electroencephalogram and electromyogram recording technology. Results:Compared with group C, the percentage of wakefulness time was significantly decreased, the percentage of non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep time was increased, the energy for delta oscillation was increased, the energy for theta oscillation was decreased, and no significant change was found in the energy for alpha oscillation in M and P+ M groups ( P<0.01), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group L+ M ( P>0.05). Compared with group M, the percentage of wakefulness time was significantly increased, the percentage of non-rapid eye movement sleep and rapid eye movement sleep time was decreased, the energy for delta oscillation was decreased, and the energy for theta oscillation was increased in group L+ M ( P<0.01), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group P+ M ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The lateral hypothalamus may be involved in melatonin-induced reduction of wakefulness in rats, and the mechanism may be related to activating MT 1R in the lateral hypothalamus.

Rapid chemome profiling of Cistanche salsa using DI-MS/MS~(ALL) / 中国中药杂志

The current study aims to rapidly and comprehensively profile the chemical composition of Cistanche salsa using direct infusion coupled with MS/MS~(ALL)(DI-MS/MS~(ALL)). The C. salsa extract was directly imported into electrospray ionization(ESI) source of quadrupole time-of-flight(Q-TOF) mass spectrometer with an infusion pump at a flow rate of 10 μL·min~(-1). Acquisition program was applied under negative ionization polarity to collect one MS~1 spectrum(m/z 50-1 200), followed by 1 150 MS~2 spectra with precursor isolation window(m/z 1) amongst mass range m/z 50-1 200. After each MS~2 spectrum was matched to its precursor ion, putative identification was conducted through matching mass spectral data with literature and database. A total of 31 components were identified from C. salsa, including 9 phenylethanoid glycosides, 2 iridoids, 4 saccharides, 9 organic acids, and 7 other compounds, similar to those from C. tubulosa and C. deserticola. In conclusion, DI-MS/MS~(ALL), a facile and reliable analytical tool, can be employed for qualitative analysis of chemical constituents in C. salsa. The research offers a promising strategy to achieve rapid chemome profiling of herbal medicine and provides an alternative source of Cistanches Herba.

Short-term efficacy of Billroth Ⅱ+Braun anastomosis versus Roux-en-Y anastomosis in totally three-dimensional laparoscopic distal gastrectomy / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective:To compare the short-term efficacy of Billroth Ⅱ+Braun anasto-mosis versus Roux-en-Y anastomosis in totally three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 140 patients with gastric cancer who were admitted to the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2016 to January 2020 were collected. There were 105 males and 35 females, aged from 23 to 84 years, with a median age of 55 years. Of the 140 patients, 54 patients undergoing totally 3D laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Billroth Ⅱ+Braun anastomosis were allocated into Billroth Ⅱ+Braun group, and 86 patients undergoing totally 3D laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis were allocated into Roux-en-Y group, respectively. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was conducted to detect remnant gastritis and its severity, bile reflux, reflux esophagitis in the postoperative 3 months up to April 2020. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability. Comparison of ordinal data was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results:(1) Surgical situations: 140 patients underwent totally 3D laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. The operation time, cases with volume of intraoperative blood loss <50 mL, 50 to 200 mL or >200 mL, the number of lymph node dissected were (233±39)minutes,15, 35, 4, 30±13 for the Billroth Ⅱ +Braun group , respectively, versus (240±52)minutes,25, 51, 10, 27±10 for the Roux-en-Y group, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( t=0.856， χ2=0.774， t=1.518， P>0.05). (2) Postoperative situations: cases with drainage tube, time to postoperative first flatus, cases with postoperative grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ complications, cases with postoperative complications, cases with postoperative severe complications, duration of postoperative hospital stay, surgery cost and total hospitalization cost of the Billroth Ⅱ+Braun group were 38, (3.5±0.8)days,4, 1, 0, 0, 5, 1, (9.0±5.0)days, (3.8±1.2)×10 4 yuan and (9.7±2.1)×10 4 yuan, respectively. The above indicators of the Roux-en-Y group were 59, (3.7±1.0)days, 9, 1, 0, 1, 11, 2, (9.0±4.0)days, (4.3±1.0)×10 4 yuan and (9.2±2.1)×10 4 yuan, respectively. There was a significant difference in the surgery cost between the two groups ( t=2.453, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in cases with drainage tube, time to postoperative first flatus, cases with postoperative grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ complications, cases with postoperative complications, duration of postoperative hospital stay or total hospitalization cost between the two groups ( χ2=0.049, t=?1.339, Z=0.000, χ2=0.409, t=0.197, 1.383, P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in cases with postoperative severe complications between the two groups ( P>0.05).(3) Follow-up: 134 of 140 patients received the follow-up, including 52 cases in the Billroth Ⅱ+Braun group and 82 cases in the Roux-en-Y group. Results of follow-up within postoperative 3 months showed that the incidence rates of remnant gastritis, bile reflux, reflux esophagitis were 61.5%(32/52), 38.5%(20/52), 26.9%(14/52) for the Billroth Ⅱ+Braun group, respectively, versus 41.5%(34/82), 22.0%(18/82), 12.2%(10/82) for the Roux-en-Y group, showing significant differences between the two groups ( χ2=5.131, 4.270, 4.695, P<0.05). Cases with grade 0,Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ residual food were 42, 3, 5, 2,0 for the Billroth Ⅱ+Braun group, versus 67, 9, 1, 5,0 for the Roux-en-Y group, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=?0.156, P>0.05). Cases with minimal lesion, grade A, grade B gastritis (severity of gastritis) were 6, 5, 3 for the Billroth Ⅱ+Braun group, versus 8, 2, 0 for the Roux-en-Y group, showing no significant difference between the two groups ( Z=?1.468, P>0.05). Conclusions:It is safe and feasible to operate Billroth Ⅱ+Braun or Roux-en-Y anastomosis in totally 3D laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Billroth Ⅱ+Braun anastomosis can reduce the surgical cost. Roux-en-Y anastomosis has advantages in reducing the incidence of reflux esophagitis, bile reflux and reflux gastritis.

Determination of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / 上海预防医学

Objective To develop a new method for the simultaneous determination of seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in water by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet(DLLME-SFO)with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Methods The experimental conditions of DLLME-SFO were determined with dodecanol as extractant solvent, methanol as dispersive solvent, inonic strength increased by adding 8% NaCl. After vortexed for 1 min and centrifuged at 4 000 r/min for 5 min, the water sample was cooled down in an ice bath till dodecanol became solid and formed a small ball. Then the solidified dodecanol phase was transferred, and directly detected by GC-MS method after it melted. Results Good linearities were obtained for the seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons within the range of 5 μg/L-200 μg/L. The correlation coefficients were above 0.996. The detection limits ranged from 1.6 ng/L to 3.2 ng/L. The average recoveries ranged from 86.2% to 105% and the RSDs from 3.8% to 9.4%. Conclusion The method is sensitive, fast and simple. It has the advantage of little organic solvent consumption, which is friendly to environment and suitable for the detection of seven PAHs in water.

Risk factors of postoperative complication after total gastrectomy in advanced gastric cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: At present, there are few studies focusing on the factors short-term complications after total gastrectomy in patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for clinical prevention of complications in these patients. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Case inclusion criteria: (1) clinical stage II-III gastric cancer diagnosed by preoperative gastroscopy, pathology, abdominal CT, EUS or PET-CT; (2) evaluated suitable for NACT by MDT discussion; (3) no previous history of other malignant tumors and no concurrent tumor; (4) undergoing total gastrectomy+ D2 lymphadenectomy after NACT. Exclusion criteria: (1) age <18 or >80 years old; (2) severe concurrent diseases, and ASA classification>grade III; (3) stump gastric cancer or history of gastric surgery; (4) incomplete clinicopathological data. According to the above criteria, clinicopathological data of 140 advanced gastric cancer patients who underwent total gastrectomy after NACT in Chinese PLA General Hospital between June 2012 and June 2019 were collected, including 109 males and 31 females with mean age of (56.9±11.4) years and body mass indey (BMI) of (23.3±3.1) kg/m(2). Logistic analysis was used to analyze the relationship between postoperative complication and clinicopathological data. Factors in univariate analysis with P<0.05 were included in the multivariate analysis. Results: Postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥ II) occurred in 35 cases (25.0%) and severe complications (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥ IIIa) occurred in 4 cases (2.9%), including 1 case of esophago-jejunal anastomotic leakage, 1 case of vena cava thrombosis, 1 case of pleural effusion, 1 case of septic shock during perioperative days resulting in death. Univariate analysis showed that BMI (P=0.011), cycle of NACT (P=0.027), tumor diameter (P=0.021), and vascular invasion (P=0.033) were associated with postoperative complication within 30 days, while open/laparoscopic total gastrectomy were not associated with postoperative complication (P=0.926). Multivariate analysis revealed that BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2) (OR=3.294, 95% CI: 1.343-8.079, P=0.009) and < 4 cycles of NACT (OR=2.922, 95% CI: 1.217-7.016, P=0.016) were independent risk factors for postoperative complication. The 3-year overall survival rates of patients with or without complication were 54.4% and 64.0%, respectively (P=0.395), and 3-year disease-free survival rates were 47.4% and 52.9%, respectively (P=0.587). Conclusions: Higher BMI and fewer cycles of NACT are independent risk factors of postoperative complication in advanced gastric cancer patients undergoing total gastrectomy after NACT. No obvious association is found between postoperative complication and surgical approaches.

Rapid chemome profiling of chemical components of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos using DI-MS/MS~(ALL) / 中国中药杂志

A new method of MS/MS~(ALL) was designed to sequentially record a MS~2 spectrum at each unit mass window through gas phase fractionation concept, so as to offer an opportunity for universal MS~2 spectral recording with direct infusion(DI). As a proof-of-concept, DI-MS/MS~(ALL) was applied for rapid chemome profiling of a famous herbal medicine named Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. After each MS~2 spectrum was correlated to its precursor ion, the structural annotation was conducted by applying well-defined mass cracking rules, matching the mass spectral data with literatures and referring to those accessible databases. As a result, a total of 54 components were identified from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos extract, including 21 phenolic acids, 13 flavonoids, 12 iridoids, 4 triterpenoids and 4 other compounds. Therefore, DI-MS/MS~(ALL) is a powerful tool for comprehensive, rapid qualitative analysis of chemical profiles of traditional Chinese medicine and other chemical components of complex systems.

Quality evaluation of Xiaojin Pills based on antiplatelet aggregation biological potency assay / 中草药

Objective: To establish a biological potency assay for Xiaojin Pills against platelet aggregation in vitro, evaluate the quality consistency of Xiaojin Pills, and screen traditioanal Chinese medicines which play the role of promoting blood circulation in Xiaojin Pills. Methods: Xiaojin Pills and ten Chinese medicines [artificial musk, Momordica cochinchinensis, Aconitum kusnezoffii, Liquidambar formosana, Boswellia carterii, Commiphora myrrha, Faeces Trogopterori, Angelica sinensis, Pheretima aspergillum, Fragrant Ink] in its formula were extracted by ultrasound in 40% methanol. The antiplatelet aggregation rate of the extract was measured by platelet aggregation meter. The platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were prepared from abdominal aorta of rats. The platelet aggregation was induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP). With sodium ferulate as a standard reference material, the biological potency of antiplatelet aggregation of Xiaojin Pills was calculated by the simplified probit principle. Results: The results showed that the biological potency of Xiaojin Pills was between 0.598 and 1.338 U/mg among different manufacturers and batches. In Xiaojin Pills group, Pheretima, Faeces Trogopterori, and Momordicae Semen had stronger inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation with inhibition rates of 70.87%, 31.83% and 67.52%, respectively. Conclusion: The quality consistency of Xiaojin Pills from different manufacturers and batches is poor, and Pheretima, Faeces Trogopterori, and Momordicae Semen may be the key drugs for Xiaojin Pills to play the role of promoting blood circulation.

Chemome profiling and comparison of three Orobanche medicinal plants / 中国中药杂志

Several Orobanche medicinal plants sometimes served as alternative sources of Cistanches Herba, attributing to the benefits such as tonifying kidney, strengthening tendons and bones. Among them, O. coerulescens, O. cernua and O. pycnostachya have been widely utilized in northern China for treatments of pains in the loins and knees, impotence, and spermatorrhea. However, their chemical profiles haven't been elucidated. In the present study, UHPLC-IT-TOF-MS was implemented to conduct in-depth chemome profiling of O. coerulescens, O. cernua and O. pycnostachya, aiming to achieve a comprehensive chemical characterization and to provide pronounced information for the quality control and clinical applications. An ACE Ultra-Core 2.5 Super C_(18)(3.0 mm×150 mm, 2.5 μm) column was deployed for chromatographic separations, and high-resolution MS~n spectra were recorded by IT-TOF-MS. Forty-eight components, in total, were observed, and thirty-eight ones were structurally annotated according to proposing mass fragmentation patterns, matching with relevant databases. Particularly, nine ones were confirmed by reference compounds. Overall, the chemical compositions of O. coerulescens and O. cernua are quite similar, and differences occur between O. pycnostachya and the prior two ones; primary chemical family is phenylethanoid glycosides, and several lignan glycosides as well as iridoid glycosides are also observed; the primary components include acteoside, isoacteoside, crenatoside and 2'-acetylacteoside, etc.

Role of T-type Calcium Channels in Generating Hyperexcitatory Behaviors during Emergence from Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Neonatal Rats / 神经科学通报·英文版

In the current study, we sought to investigate whether T-type Ca channels (TCCs) in the brain are involved in generating post-anesthetic hyperexcitatory behaviors (PAHBs). We found that younger rat pups (postnatal days 9-11) had a higher incidence of PAHBs and higher PAHB scores than older pups (postnatal days 16-18) during emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia. The power spectrum of the theta oscillations (4 Hz-8 Hz) in the prefrontal cortex was significantly enhanced in younger pups when PAHBs occurred, while there were no significant changes in older pups. Both the power of theta oscillations and the level of PAHBs were significantly reduced by the administration of TCC inhibitors. Moreover, the sensitivity of TCCs in the medial dorsal thalamic nucleus to sevoflurane was found to increase with age by investigating the kinetic properties of TCCs in vitro. TCCs were activated by potentiated GABAergic depolarization with a sub-anesthetic dose of sevoflurane (1%). These data suggest that (1) TCCs in the brain contribute to the generation of PAHBs and the concomitant electroencephalographic changes; (2) the stronger inhibitory effect of sevoflurane contributes to the lack of PAHBs in older rats; and (3) the contribution of TCCs to PAHBs is not mediated by a direct effect of sevoflurane on TCCs.

HPLC Fingerprint Analysis of Liposoluble and Water-soluble Fractions of Xiaojinwan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints of liposoluble and water-soluble fractions of Xiaojinwan were established and the similarity of fingerprints was evaluated, so as to explore the quality consistency of Xiaojinwan. Method:Chromatographic separation was carried out on Welch Ultimate AQ-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with the mobile phase of 0.1% phosphoric acid solution (A)-acetonitrile (B) for gradient elution (liposoluble fraction of 0-5 min, 40%B; 5-10 min, 40%-50%B; 10-20 min, 50%-60%B; 20-30 min, 60%-65%B; 30-40 min, 65%-70%B; 40-50 min, 70%-80%B; 50-60 min, 80%-90%B; 60-65 min, 90%-95%B; 65-75 min, 95%-100%B; 75-80 min, 100%B; water-soluble fraction of 0-20 min, 2%-5%B; 20-30 min, 5%-10%B; 30-37 min, 10%-20%B; 37-45 min, 20%-30%B; 45-50 min, 30%-40%B; 50-58 min, 40%B), the flow rate was 1 mL·min-1, the column temperature was 30 ℃. The detection wavelengths of the liposoluble and water-soluble fractions were 202, 250 nm, and their injection volumes were 10, 20 μL, respectively. A total of 30 batches of Xiaojinwan from five manufacturers were detected by HPLC, the chromatographic peaks of each part were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and identified. Result:A total of 55 chromatographic peaks were detected in the fingerprints, and the similarity of fingerprint of 30 batches of Xiaojinwan was quite different. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of fingerprint similarity of liposoluble and water-soluble fractions of Xiaojinwan were 21.5% and 32.8%, respectively. There were significant differences in the quality of samples from different manufacturers and the same manufacturer, and the chemical consistency evaluation results were dominated by liposoluble fraction, and the main reason for the chemical difference of this preparation was the composition of Liquidambaris Resina. Conclusion:The quality consistency of Xiaojinwan is poor. The establishment of two-fraction fingerprint provides a new idea for the overall quality evaluation and control of Xiaojinwan, and can provide a reference for the quality consistency evaluation of traditional pills.

Comparative study on the suitability of chemical fingerprint and anti-platelet aggregation/anti-inflammatory biopotency in the overall quality evaluation of Xiaojin pills / 药学学报

Xiaojin pills, the first choice for clinical treatment of breast hyperplasia, were selected to explore the suitability of a bioactivity assay with chemical fingerprinting for the development of an overall quality evaluation assay. The liposoluble and water-soluble fraction fingerprints of Xiaojin pills were established. The ability to inhibit platelet aggregation and the rate of inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) for 16 batches of Xiaojin pills from several manufacturers was analyzed; the chemical fingerprints of these samples were correlated with the bioactivity and chemical analysis. The animal protocol was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Approval, ID: 2018BL-002. Results showed that the antiplatelet aggregation activity of 16 batches was 0.712-1.278 U∙mg-1, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 15.4%. COX-2 inhibition was 52.07%-68.95% and the RSD was 8.91%. The results showed that there was little difference in the biological effects of these samples. However, the chemical fingerprint consistency of these 16 batches of Xiaojin pills was poor, and the similarity of nearly half of the samples was less than 0.9. The total peak area of Xiaojin pills was 32.74%-165.37% across samples, showing very poor chemical consistency. In order to explore the reasons for the poor chemical consistency despite good consistency in the biological assays, the fingerprint chromatogram was analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. The main chromatographic peaks were identified. The results showed that the similarity of Xiaojin pills was mainly determined by the prominent chromatographic peaks 17, 18, 20, 23 and 27 in the liposoluble fingerprints, which were identified from Liquidambaris resina and Angelica sinensis Radix. However, Liquidambaris resina and Angelicae sinensis Radix had almost no anti-platelet aggregation activity or COX-2 inhibitory effect at the normal prescription ratio. As a result, the ability to utilize chemical fingerprints to evaluate the quality consistency of Xiaojin pills is limited. The selection of biological evaluation methods that reflect clinical efficacy could make up for the shortcomings of chemical evaluation methods for quality assessment, and provide new ideas and methods for the overall quality evaluation of complex Chinese patent medicines.

Postoperative acute urinary retention in anorectal diseases treated with acupuncture combined with grain-moxibustion: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the efficacy differences between acupuncture combined with grain-moxibustion and acupuncture on acute urinary retention after epidural anaesthesia for anorectal diseases.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients were randomized into an acupuncture combined with grain-moxibustion group and an acupuncture group, 31 cases in each one. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied at Zhongji (CV 3), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), Shuidao (ST 28), Pangguangshu (BL 28), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Yinlingquan (SP 9). In the acupuncture combined with grain-moxibustion group, grain-moxibustion was given at Zhongji (CV 3), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6) and Shuidao (ST 28) on the basis of acupuncture. Those who failed to urinate 60 min after the first treatment received the second treatment. 30 min after the second treatment, the lower abdominal symptom scores before and after treatment as well as the bladder residual urine volume after the first urination after treatment were compared between the two groups. In addition, the clinical efficacy and security were evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the symptom scores after treatment were reduced in the two groups (<0.05), and the score in the acupuncture combined with grain-moxibustion group was lower than that in the acupuncture group after treatment (<0.05). The bladder residual urine volume in the acupuncture combined with grain-moxibustion group was (26.71±17.01) mL, which was lower than (35.32±20.76) mL in the acupuncture group (<0.05). The total effective rate was 93.5% (29/31) in the acupuncture combined with grain-moxibustion group, which was superior to 71.0% (22/31) in the acupuncture group (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The efficacy of acupuncture combined with grain-moxibustion is superior to simple acupuncture on acute urinary retention after epidural anaesthesia for anorectal diseases, which is safe and reliable.

Relationship between prefrontal cortex and propofol-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the relationship between prefrontal cortex and propofol-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. Methods SPF healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 300-350 g, aged 16 weeks, were used in this study. Thirty rats in which catheters were successfully implanted into the prefrontal lobe were divided into 2 groups ( n=15 each ) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and propofol group (group P). In group P, 50μmol/L propofol 0. 5μl was microinjected into the prefrontal cortex at day 7 after operation, and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C. T-maze test and open field test were performed at 15 min after administration. Results Com-pared with group C, the correct rate of selection in T-maze was significantly decreased ( P＜0. 05) , and no significant change was found in the total locomotor or number of rearing in open field test in group P ( P＞0. 05) . Conclusion Prefrontal cortex may be involved in propofol-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats.

Potential advantages of robot-assisted gastrectomy over laparoscopy-assisted gastrec-tomy regarding lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective: To investigate and compare the abilities of robot-assisted gastrectomy (RAG) and laparoscopy-assisted gastrecto-my (LAG) to remove lymph nodes in technically demanding areas. Methods: Between August 2014 and August 2015, 61 patients who underwent RAG and 235 patients who underwent LAG were enrolled in this study. Clinical characteristics, operative parameters, and pathological and oncological data were collected prospectively, and the numbers of retrieved lymph nodes for each station were ana-lyzed in accordance with the extent of surgery. Results: More lymph nodes were retrieved in the RAG group than in the LAG group (P=0.046). Similarly, the RAG group had more retrieved lymph nodes in the N2 area (P=0.038). In patients who underwent distal gastrecto- my, the numbers of retrieved lymph nodes around the splenic artery area using RAG and LAG were 2.8±1.7 and 2.2±1.2, respectively (P=0.036). In patients who underwent total gastrectomy, 2.8±1.2 and 2.1±1.0 lymph nodes were retrieved with RAG and LAG around the splenic artery area, respectively (P=0.049). The mean numbers of lymph nodes retrieved around the splenic hilum were 1.8±0.8 and 1.3±0.7, respectively (P=0.042). The intraoperative blood transfusion rate (P=0.617), postoperative hospital days (P=0.071), proxi-mal resection margin (P=0.064), and distal resection margin (P=0.667) were not significantly different between the two groups. The numbers of postoperative complications were also similar between the RAG and LAG groups (P=0.854). However, RAG had less severe complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification (P=0.039). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that RAG had advantages over LAG regarding lymph node dissection in technically demanding areas and might contribute to radical D2 lymphadenectomy with less severe complications.

The CXCL12 (SDF-1)/CXCR4 chemokine axis: Oncogenic properties, molecular targeting, and synthetic and natural product CXCR4 inhibitors for cancer therapy / 中国天然药物

Chemokine 12 (CXCL12), also known as stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and a member of the CXC chemokine subfamily, is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types. It interacts specifically with the ligand for the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis takes part in a series of physiological, biochemical, and pathological process, such as inflammation and leukocyte trafficking, cancer-induced bone pain, and postsurgical pain, and also is a key factor in the cross-talking between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Aberrant overexpression of CXCR4 is critical for tumor survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, homing and metastasis. In this review, we summarized the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 in cancer, CXCR4 inhibitors under clinical study, and natural product CXCR4 antagonists. In conclusion, the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling is important for tumor development and targeting the pathway might represent an effective approach to developing novel therapy in cancer treatment.

Systematic review and comment on modern study of Xiaojin Pills / 中国中药杂志

Xiaojin Pill, was firstly recorded in Life-saving Manual of Diagnosis and Treatment of External Diseases, with its primitive name of "Xiaojin Dan". Xiaojin Pill is a classic prescription for treating carbuncle and it is the first choice for Chinese medicine in the clinical treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands. In this paper, the literature reports on Xiaojin Pills were summarized and the historical evolution, material basis, pharmacological action, quality control and other problems were systematically discussed to explore the potential problems in every aspect of the development status, and put forward the development countermeasures, providing reference for the modernization research and development of Xiaojin Pills.